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California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and on the south by the Mexican state of Baja California. California is the most populous U.S. state. Its four largest cities are Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, and San Diego.
The area known as Alta California was colonized by the Spanish Empire beginning in the late 18th century. It and the rest of Mexico became an independent republic in 1821. In 1846 California broke away from Mexico, and after the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded California to the United States. California was admitted to the United States on September 9, 1850.
It is the third-largest U.S. state by land area. Its geography ranges from the Pacific coast to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east, to Mojave desert areas in the southeast and the Redwood-Douglas fir forests of the northwest. The center of the state is dominated by the Central Valley, one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world.
